一列保存多个ID(将多个用逗号隔开的ID转换成用逗号隔开的名称)_Mssql数据库教程
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背景:在做项目时,经常会遇到这样的表结构在主表的中有一列保存的是用逗号隔开ID。如,当一个员工从属多个部门时、当一个项目从属多个城市时、当一个设备从属多个项目时,很多人都会在员工表中加入一个deptIds VARCHAR(1000)列(本文以员工从属多个部门为例),用以保存部门编号列表(很明显这不符合第一范式,但很多人这样设计了,在这篇文章中我们暂不讨论在这种应用场景下,如此设计的对与错,有兴趣的可以在回复中聊聊),然后我们在查询列表中需要看到这个员工从属哪些部门。初始化数据:
部门表、员工表数据:
- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[Department]'))
- DROP TABLE [dbo].Department
- GO
- --部门表
- CREATE TABLE Department
- (
- id int,
- name nvarchar(50)
- )
- INSERT INTO Department(id,name)
- SELECT 1,'人事部'
- UNION
- SELECT 2,'工程部'
- UNION
- SELECT 3,'管理部'
- SELECT * FROM Department
- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[Employee]'))
- DROP TABLE [dbo].Employee
- GO
- --员工表
- CREATE TABLE Employee
- (
- id int,
- name nvarchar(20),
- deptIds varchar(1000)
- )
- INSERT INTO Employee(id,name,deptIds)
- SELECT 1,'蒋大华','1,2,3'
- UNION
- SELECT 2,'小明','1'
- UNION
- SELECT 3,'小华',''
- SELECT * FROM Employee
希望得到的结果:
解决方法:
第一步,是得到如下的数据。即将员工表集合与相关的部门集合做交叉连接,其中使用了fun_SplitIds函数(作用是将ids分割成id列表),然后员工集合与这个得到的集合做交叉连接
SELECT E.*,ISNULL(D.name,'') AS deptName FROM Employee AS E OUTER APPLY dbo.fun_SplitIds(E.deptIds) AS DID LEFT JOIN Department AS D ON DID.ID=D.id;
第二步,已经得到了如上的数据,然后要做的就是根据ID分组,并对deptName列做聚合操作,但可惜的是SQL SERVER还没有提供对字符串做聚合的操作。但想到,我们处理树形结构数据时,用CTE来做关系数据,做成有树形格式的数据,如此我们也可以将这个问题转换成做树形格式的问题,代码如下:
结果如下:
- WITH EmployeT AS(
- --员工的基本信息(使用OUTER APPLY将多个ID拆分开来,然后与部门表相关联)
- --此时已将员工表所存的IDS分别与部门相关联,下面需要将此集合中的deptName聚合成一个记录
- SELECT E.*,ISNULL(D.name,'') AS deptName
- FROM Employee AS E
- OUTER APPLY dbo.fun_SplitIds(E.deptIds) AS DID
- LEFT JOIN Department AS D ON DID.ID=D.id
- ),mike AS(
- SELECT id,name,deptIds,deptName
- ,ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY id ORDER BY id) AS level_num
- FROM EmployeT
- ),mike2 AS(
- SELECT id,name,deptIds,CAST(deptName AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS deptName,level_num
- FROM mike
- WHERE level_num=1
- UNION ALL
- SELECT m.id,m.name,m.deptIds,CAST(m2.deptName+','+m.deptName AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS deptName,m.level_num
- FROM mike AS m
- INNER JOIN mike2 AS m2 ON m.ID=m2.id AND m.level_num=m2.level_num+1
- ),maxMikeByIDT AS(
- SELECT id,MAX(level_num) AS level_num
- FROM mike2
- GROUP BY ID
- )
- SELECT A.id,A.name,A.deptIds,A.deptName
- FROM mike2 AS A
- INNER JOIN maxMikeByIDT AS B ON A.id=B.ID AND A.level_num=B.level_num
- ORDER BY A.id OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0)
全部SQL:
- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[Department]'))
- DROP TABLE [dbo].Department
- GO
- --部门表
- CREATE TABLE Department
- (
- id int,
- name nvarchar(50)
- )
- INSERT INTO Department(id,name)
- SELECT 1,'人事部'
- UNION
- SELECT 2,'工程部'
- UNION
- SELECT 3,'管理部'
- SELECT * FROM Department
- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[Employee]'))
- DROP TABLE [dbo].Employee
- GO
- --员工表
- CREATE TABLE Employee
- (
- id int,
- name nvarchar(20),
- deptIds varchar(1000)
- )
- INSERT INTO Employee(id,name,deptIds)
- SELECT 1,'蒋大华','1,2,3'
- UNION
- SELECT 2,'小明','1'
- UNION
- SELECT 3,'小华',''
- SELECT * FROM Employee
- --创建一个表值函数,用来拆分用逗号分割的数字串,返回只有一列数字的表
- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[fun_SplitIds]'))
- DROP FUNCTION [dbo].fun_SplitIds
- GO
- CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fun_SplitIds(
- @Ids nvarchar(1000)
- )
- RETURNS @t_id TABLE (id VARCHAR(36))
- AS
- BEGIN
- DECLARE @i INT,@j INT,@l INT,@v VARCHAR(36);
- SET @i = 0;
- SET @j = 0;
- SET @l = len(@Ids);
- while(@j < @l)
- begin
- SET @j = charindex(',',@Ids,@i+1);
- IF(@j = 0) set @j = @l+1;
- SET @v = cast(SUBSTRING(@Ids,@i+1,@j-@i-1) as VARCHAR(36));
- INSERT INTO @t_id VALUES(@v)
- SET @i = @j;
- END
- RETURN;
- END
- GO
- ;WITH EmployeT AS(
- --员工的基本信息(使用OUTER APPLY将多个ID拆分开来,然后与部门表相关联)
- --此时已将员工表所存的IDS分别与部门相关联,下面需要将此集合中的deptName聚合成一个记录
- SELECT E.*,ISNULL(D.name,'') AS deptName
- FROM Employee AS E
- OUTER APPLY dbo.fun_SplitIds(E.deptIds) AS DID
- LEFT JOIN Department AS D ON DID.ID=D.id
- ),mike AS(
- SELECT id,name,deptIds,deptName
- ,ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY id ORDER BY id) AS level_num
- FROM EmployeT
- ),mike2 AS(
- SELECT id,name,deptIds,CAST(deptName AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS deptName,level_num
- FROM mike
- WHERE level_num=1
- UNION ALL
- SELECT m.id,m.name,m.deptIds,CAST(m2.deptName+','+m.deptName AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS deptName,m.level_num
- FROM mike AS m
- INNER JOIN mike2 AS m2 ON m.ID=m2.id AND m.level_num=m2.level_num+1
- ),maxMikeByIDT AS(
- SELECT id,MAX(level_num) AS level_num
- FROM mike2
- GROUP BY ID
- )
- SELECT A.id,A.name,A.deptIds,A.deptName
- FROM mike2 AS A
- INNER JOIN maxMikeByIDT AS B ON A.id=B.ID AND A.level_num=B.level_num
- ORDER BY A.id OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0)
分享:SQL Server字符串切割结果: 645002*01 --1 45854 --2 183677
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Mssql数据库教程-一列保存多个ID(将多个用逗号隔开的ID转换成用逗号隔开的名称)。