《The Zero Marginal Cost Society》是一本探讨数字化时代对经济和社会的影响的书籍。作者Jeremy Rifkin认为，随着信息技术的发展，生产成本将趋近于零，这将带来全新的经济模式和社会结构。他呼吁人们共同努力，以实现一个共享经济和可持续发展的零边际成本社会。
The Zero Marginal Cost Society读后感(一)
在边际成本为零的社会，纽约时报畅销书作者杰瑞米Rifkin介绍了新兴的物联网是加快我们几乎免费的商品和服务的一个时代，一个全球协同共享沉淀迅速崛起与资本主义的日食。
里夫金揭露了资本主义的矛盾已经推动它的伟大的心，但现在它的死亡的竞争市场，推动生产力和边际成本的内在创业活力，使企业降低为他们的商品和服务的价格来赢得消费者和市场份额。（边际成本是生产一种商品或服务，额外的单位成本，如果固定成本不计算在内。）当经济学家一直欢迎在边际成本的减少，他们从来没有预料到的一场技术革命可能带来的边际成本接近零的可能性，使商品和服务是无价的，几乎是免费的，丰富的，不再受市场力量。
现在，一个强大的新技术基础物联网（IOT）是推动经济生活的大段接近于零的边际成本在未来几年的潜在的新兴。里夫金描述通信网络已与新生的能量网络和物流网络中创建一个新的技术平台，将一切人和事。数十亿的传感器被连接到自然资源，生产线，电网，物流网络，循环流动，并植入在家庭，办公室，商店，汽车，甚至全人类，喂养大的数据到一个物联网全球神经网络。玩家可以连接到网络，并使用大的数据，分析，和算法的加速效率，极大地提高生产率，降低生产和共享范围广泛的产品和服务，接近于零的边际成本，就像他们现在做的商品信息。
暴跌的边际成本是产卵的混合经济的资本主义市场和部分协同共享对社会的深远影响，按金。成千上万的人已经将他们的经济生活的一部分的全球协作共享。玩家被插入到新兴的物联网和共享他们自己的信息，娱乐，绿色能源，和3D印刷产品在接近于零的边际成本。他们也分享汽车，住房，衣服和其他物品，通过社会媒体网站，租金，再分配的俱乐部，并在低或者接近于零的边际成本的合作社。学生在自由的大规模网络开放课程（MOOCs）运行在接近于零的边际成本。社会企业家甚至绕过银行建立和利用众筹融资的创业企业以及在羽翼未丰的分享经济创造的替代货币。在这个新世界中，社会资本和金融资本作为重要的，获取胜过拥有，可持续发展的合作竞争取代消费主义，逐出，和“交换价值”在资本主义市场日益受到“协同共享共享价值”代替。
里夫金认为，资本主义将依然存在，尽管在一个越来越精简的作用，主要是作为网络服务和解决方案的集合，允许它在即将到来的时代，一个强大的利基参与者蓬勃发展。我们是，然而，说德文，进入世界市场，我们正在学习如何共同生活在一个日益相互依存的全球协作共享。
The Zero Marginal Cost Society读后感(二)
不是所有摘抄都是书里的，也有一些是最近读到的相关文章
有些东西从互联网开始的时候就萌芽了，到如今渐渐快变成一整个全新的系统，我来尝试阐述一下：
1. 从思想准备来讲：1）互联网本身就是从共享开始的，免费软件、音乐、视频，直到触动了大厂商的利益，有了知识产权法。但还是有些东西留下了印迹，比如开源。2）然后人们意识到可以共享的不止非物质商品，也可以是实体的，比如住房、汽车、衣服、玩具，也可以是服务的，比如p2p lending，众筹，于是有了marketplace，整合小商家，小手工艺人，parttime员工，何尝不是一种商业的IoT。 3）在互联网上，没人知道你是一条狗。到现在，不管匿名实名，年轻一辈其实没有这么在意隐私，只要你能给我方便，我的信息你都拿去没关系，邮件随便看。4) democratization
2. 从基础建设来讲：1）各种自动化、机器人、算法大量解放了劳动力；2）sensor变得很便宜；3）政府放开对带宽的限制和拍卖，google已经自己在动手做这块了；4）energy终究会变得便宜，不过这个可能有个滞后；5）最大的瓶颈大概是电池吧。。。。
3. 从economic process来讲，用户开始贡献内容，消费者和生产者的界限模糊了。3D打印是一个极端体现，哪怕工业生产也可以由消费者自己完成。消费者不等于拥有者，消费者甚至不想成为拥有者。
4. 因为技术降低了很多成本，于是很多以前大众享受不了的服务现在都affordable了。于是有了概念叫democratize everything，众筹——人人都能当VC，wealthfront——人人都能做财富管理；bitcoin——不是只有央行才能发钱。这些新生事物再返回来强化民主的概念
5. 从资本角度来讲，
Sharing economy的兴盛背后是社会阶层贫富不均的加大，一个marketplace应该放更多资源在整合贫困的低技术水平的一头。
zero marginal cost，任何一个startup如果能做到这一点会成长巨大，Amazon，iTunes，lendingclub，Robinhood
Leaps in productivity and growth were made possible by the communication/energy matrix and accompanying infrastructure.
Communication Internet
Energy Internet
Logistics Internet
IoT的infrastructure：cost of sensors, actuators, internet protocol, IPv6
3D printing, from mass production to production by the masses
Zero cost of energy, education, manufacturing (automation, robotics, artificial intelligence)
Zero marginal cost economy changed our notion of economic process: consumers become their own producers, prosumers will produce, consume, and share their own goods and services with one another on the Collaborative Common.
IoT frees human beings from the market economy to pursue nonmaterial shared interests on the Collaborative Commons
Property rights → open source
Ownership → access
Market → network
Advertising → consumer generated comments
Point-to-point and hub-and-spoke transport → distributed, multi-segment, intermodal transport.
政府放开对带宽的控制，也是infrastructure里重要一环
IoT is financed by crowd
Sharing medical data, patient-driven healthcare
The Zero Marginal Cost Society读后感(三)
Sharing economy is a decentralized peer-to-peer markets that shift away from the traditional supplier. People get service with a very low price or even near zero. There are debates about if the sharing economy would gradually become the enduring mainstream oppose of traditional model or it’s a short term phenomena that will be excluded by time. The explosive growth rate of people enjoying the sharing economy demonstrates the model’s many advantages. I acknowledge that there are complexities to this issue, like the ownership and the for-profit companies are necessary. But I argue that sharing economy help build up a genuine society that creates win-win situation and lower carbon print.
I came across with the notion of collaborate consumption from my own beneficial experience with Uber. Later I read about the collaborative commons claiming that collaborative sharing of the economy will subvert many of the world's largest operating modes of the company; and the existing energy systems and structures will be replaced by the energy Internet. (Rifkin, 2014, p20)
Collaborative consumption has become the hottest conversation topic now in China with the great social and commercial success of mega companies like Moocs, Didi, Airbnb, Ofo, and Mobike. I am going to do an in-depth analysis of the business models of these companies. Proving its maximizing use of the idle resources, I want to use these evidences further to back up my argument that sharing economy is going to be the future mainstream. I will elaborate on the principles of constructing a sharing economic platform through those examples, following their steps of allocating the resource surplus and ensuring the mutual benefits of all participants.
Sharing economic has a relatively low cost, due to basing on resource redundancy; it can promote the interpersonal relationship closer and hinder isolation. Maximizing the use also means eco friendly and sustainability, especially for the megacities in China which has many different aspects of problems due to overcrowding. It also facilitates a system of credit and promoting the trust among people. I will discuss how those features of the sharing economy leads to the successful implementation of the business model and reciprocal relationships on the platform can create a win-win situation in the whole society. Moreover, as a result of sharing economy, through sharing knowledge, the ordinary average people are empowered.
Some argues that zero cost margin society would be what businessmen were dreadful of. I would also use the examples above to talk about the implications of the sharing economy in terms of aspects of issues privacy and the basic productions. Besides, it wouldn’t impede the creations and inventions; in the contrary, a lot of technology came along after the low cost of sharing economy.
References
Rifkin, Jeremy. (2014). Zero Cost Margin Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schor, Juliet B.. (2011).True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans Are Creating a Time-rich, Ecologically-light, Smallscale, High-satisfaction Economy. New York: The Penguin Press.
Hardin, Benjamin and Luca, Michael. (2014). Digital Discrimination: The Case of Airbnb. Harvard Business School Working Papers.
Puschmann, T. and Alt, R. Sharing economy. Business and Information Systems Engineering. 58, 93-99.
Kathan, W.and Matzler, K. and Veider, V. (2016). The sharing economy: Your business model’s friend or foe. Business Horizons. 59(6): 663-672
